Consumer behavior[1] is a complex field that revolves around how individuals or groups select, purchase, use, and dispose of goods or services. This term encapsulates the emotional, mental, and behavioural responses of consumers throughout the decision-making process. It’s a dynamic interaction between feelings, thought processes, actions, and the surrounding environment. The field considers various influences on consumer[2] decisions, from personal emotions and preferences to societal factors and opinion leaders. It delves into the stages of purchase decisions from problem recognition to post-purchase evaluation. It also considers various internal and external factors that impact these decisions. The study of consumer behaviour is crucial for understanding consumer awareness, predicting consumer trends, and forming effective marketing strategies.
Consumer behavior is the study of individuals, groups, or organisations and all the activities associated with the purchase, use and disposal of goods and services. Consumer behavior consists of how the consumer's emotions, attitudes, and preferences affect buying behavior. Consumer behavior emerged in the 1940-1950s as a distinct sub-discipline of marketing, but has become an interdisciplinary social science that blends elements from psychology, sociology, social anthropology, anthropology, ethnography, ethnology, marketing, and economics (especially behavioural economics).
The study of consumer behavior formally investigates individual qualities such as demographics, personality lifestyles, and behavioral variables (such as usage rates, usage occasion, loyalty, brand advocacy, and willingness to provide referrals), in an attempt to understand people's wants and consumption patterns. Consumer behavior also investigates on the influences on the consumer, from social groups such as family, friends, sports, and reference groups, to society in general (brand-influencers, opinion leaders).
Research has shown that consumer behavior is difficult to predict, even for experts in the field; however, new research methods, such as ethnography, consumer neuroscience, and machine learning are shedding new light on how consumers make decisions. In addition, customer relationship management (CRM) databases have become an asset for the analysis of customer behavior. The extensive data produced by these databases enables detailed examination of behavioral factors that contribute to customer re-purchase intentions, consumer retention, loyalty, and other behavioral intentions such as the willingness to provide positive referrals, become brand advocates, or engage in customer citizenship activities. Databases also assist in market segmentation, especially behavioral segmentation such as developing loyalty segments, which can be used to develop tightly targeted customised marketing strategies on a one-to-one basis. (Also see relationship marketing).