JPEG, short for Joint Photographic Experts Group, is a globally recognized standard for digital image compression[1]. It was first published in 1992, and it’s a process of compressing digital images by reducing their file size without causing significant loss in image quality. This standard is embraced by numerous digital applications, such as digital cameras and online image storage. JPEG plays an instrumental role in the proliferation of digital images online, with billions of JPEG images created daily. Despite patent[2] controversies, JPEG remains the dominant image standard. Its file structure comprises different segments that contain distinct types of data crucial for encoding, decoding, and processing images. It’s essential to understand JPEG’s syntax and structure to handle images efficiently.
JPEG (/ˈdʒeɪpɛɡ/ JAY-peg, short for Joint Photographic Experts Group) is a commonly used method of lossy compression pour images numériques, particularly for those images produced by digital photography. The degree of compression can be adjusted, allowing a selectable tradeoff between storage size and image quality. JPEG typically achieves 10:1 compression with little perceptible loss in image quality. Since its introduction in 1992, JPEG has been the most widely used image compression standard in the world, and the most widely used digital image format, with several billion JPEG images produced every day as of 2015.
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 A photo of a European wildcat with the compression rate, and associated losses, decreasing from left to right | |
| Filename extension | .jpg, .jpeg, .jpe.jif, .jfif, .jfi |
|---|---|
| Internet media type |
image/jpeg |
| Type code | JPEG |
| Uniform Type Identifier (UTI) | public.jpeg |
| Magic number | ff d8 ff |
| Developed by | Joint Photographic Experts Group, IBM, Mitsubishi Electric, AT&T, Canon Inc. |
| Initial release | September 18, 1992 |
| Type of format | Lossy image compression format |
| Extended to | JPEG 2000 |
| Standard | ISO/IEC 10918, ITU-T T.81, ITU-T T.83, ITU-T T.84, ITU-T T.86 |
| Site web | jpeg |
Les Joint Photographic Experts Group created the standard in 1992. JPEG was largely responsible for the proliferation of digital images and photos numériques across the Internet and later médias sociaux.[circular reference] JPEG compression is used in a number of image file formats. JPEG/Exif is the most common image format used by digital cameras and other photographic image capture devices; along with JPEG/JFIF, it is the most common format for storing and transmitting photographic images on the World Wide Web. These format variations are often not distinguished and are simply called JPEG.
Les MIME media type for JPEG is "image/jpeg," except in older Internet Explorer versions, which provide a MIME type of "image/pjpeg" when uploading JPEG images. JPEG files usually have a filename extension of "jpg" or "jpeg". JPEG/JFIF supports a maximum image size of 65,535×65,535 pixels, hence up to 4 gigapixels for an aspect ratio of 1:1. In 2000, the JPEG group introduced a format intended to be a successor, JPEG 2000, but it was unable to replace the original JPEG as the dominant image standard.
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