Green marketing refers to the practice of promoting products or services based on their environmental benefits. This term emerged in the late 1980s and has since evolved to encompass a wide range of strategies, including the integration of environmental considerations into all aspects of marketing. Green marketing is closely tied to corporate social responsibility[1] and can involve efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, promote sustainable practices, and increase consumer[3] awareness of eco-friendly products. It is characterized by both challenges, such as higher production costs and accusations of greenwashing, and benefits, such as cost savings through resource efficiency and improved brand[4] image. Future trends in green marketing include the growth of circular economy initiatives, the adoption of renewable energy sources, and an emphasis on supply chain[2] transparency.
Green marketing is the marketing of products that are presumed to be environmentally safe. It incorporates a broad range of activities, including product modification, changes to the production process, sustainable packaging, as well as modifying advertising. Yet defining green marketing is not a simple task. Other similar terms used are environmental marketing and ecological marketing.
Green, environmental and eco-marketing are part of the new marketing approaches which do not just refocus, adjust or enhance existing marketing thinking and practice, but also seek to challenge those approaches and provide a substantially different perspective. In more detail green, environmental and eco-marketing belong to the group of approaches which seek to address the lack of fit between marketing as it is currently practiced and the ecological and social realities of the wider marketing environment.
The legal implications of marketing claims call for caution or overstated claims can lead to regulatory or civil challenges. In the United States, the Federal Trade Commission provides some guidance on environmental marketing claims. The commission is expected to do an overall review of this guidance, and the legal standards it contains, in 2011.