Segurança informática

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Segurança informática[1], also known as cybersecurity, is a specialized field that involves safeguarding computador[2] systems, networks, and data from digital attacks. These attacks often aim to access, change, or destroy sensitive information, interrupt normal business processes, or exploit system vulnerabilities for malicious purposes. Cybersecurity threats and attacks come in various forms such as malware[3], phishing, and denial-of-service attacks, among others. To combat these threats, security[4] measures such as access control, firewalls, secure coding, and hardware protection are employed. It’s also critical to continuously update these measures, given the evolving nature of cyber threats. The statistics and trends in this field underscore the importance of maintaining robust computer security to prevent potentially costly and damaging breaches.

Definições de termos
1. Segurança informática ( Computer security )
1 Computer security, also known as cybersecurity, is a specialized field that involves safeguarding computer systems, networks, and data from digital attacks. These attacks often aim to access, change, or destroy sensitive information, interrupt normal business processes, or exploit system vulnerabilities for malicious purposes. Cybersecurity threats and attacks come in various forms such as malware, phishing, and denial-of-service attacks, among others. To combat these threats, security measures such as access control, firewalls, secure coding, and hardware protection are employed. It's also critical to continuously update these measures, given the evolving nature of cyber threats. The statistics and trends in this field underscore the importance of maintaining robust computer security to prevent potentially costly and damaging breaches.
2 Computer security, also known as cybersecurity, is a specialized field that involves safeguarding computer systems, networks, and data from digital attacks. These attacks often aim to access, change, or destroy sensitive information, interrupt normal business processes, or exploit system vulnerabilities for malicious purposes. Cybersecurity threats and attacks come in various forms such as malware, phishing, and denial-of-service attacks, among others. To combat these threats, security measures such as access control, firewalls, secure coding, and hardware protection are employed. It's also critical to continuously update these measures, given the evolving nature of cyber threats. The statistics and trends in this field underscore the importance of maintaining robust computer security to prevent potentially costly and damaging breaches.
2. computador. Um computador é um dispositivo sofisticado que manipula dados ou informações de acordo com um conjunto de instruções, conhecidas como programas. Por conceção, os computadores podem executar uma vasta gama de tarefas, desde simples cálculos aritméticos até ao processamento e análise de dados complexos. Os computadores evoluíram ao longo dos anos, desde as primitivas ferramentas de contagem, como o ábaco, até às modernas máquinas digitais. O coração de um computador é a sua unidade central de processamento (CPU), que inclui uma unidade lógica aritmética (ALU) para efetuar operações matemáticas e registos para armazenar dados. Os computadores também têm unidades de memória, como ROM e RAM, para armazenar informação. Outros componentes incluem dispositivos de entrada/saída (E/S) que permitem a interação com a máquina e circuitos integrados que melhoram a funcionalidade do computador. As principais inovações históricas, como a invenção do primeiro computador programável por Charles Babbage e o desenvolvimento do primeiro computador eletrónico digital automático, o Atanasoff-Berry Computer (ABC), contribuíram grandemente para a sua evolução. Atualmente, os computadores alimentam a Internet, ligando milhares de milhões de utilizadores em todo o mundo, e tornaram-se uma ferramenta essencial em quase todas as indústrias.

Segurança informática, cybersecurity, digital security ou information technology security (IT security) is the protection of computer systems e networks from attacks by malicious actors that may result in unauthorized information disclosure, theft of, or damage to hardware, software, ou data, as well as from the disruption or misdirection of the services they provide.

An example of physical security measure: a metal lock on the back of a personal computer to prevent illicit component removal or dongle insertion.

The field is significant due to the expanded reliance on computer systems, o Internete wireless network standards such as Bluetooth e Wi-Fi. It is also significant due to the growth of smart devices, including smartphones, televisions, and the various devices that constitute the Internet of things (IoT). Cybersecurity is one of the most significant challenges of the contemporary world, due to both the complexity of information systems and the societies they support. Security is of especially high importance for systems that govern large-scale systems with far-reaching physical effects, such as power distribution, elections, and finance.

While most aspects of computer security involve digital measures such as electronic passwords and encryption, physical security measures such as metal locks are still used to prevent unauthorized tampering.

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